" In 1807, as Napoleon's army closed in on Lisbon, the Prince Regent João VI of Portugal transferred his court to Brazil and established Rio de Janeiro as the capital of the Portuguese Empire. In 1815, Brazil was declared a Kingdom and the Kingdom of Portugal was united with it, forming a pluricontinental State, the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves.
As a result of the change in its status and the arrival of the Portuguese royal family, Brazilian administrative, civic, economical, military, educational, and scientific apparatus were expanded and highly modernized. Portuguese and their allied British troops fought against the French Invasion of Portugal and by 1815 the situation in Europe had cooled down sufficiently that João VI would have been able to return safely to Lisbon. However, the King of Portugal remained in Brazil until the Liberal Revolution of 1820, which started in Porto, demanded his return to Lisbon in 1821.
Thus he returned to Portugal but left his son Pedro in charge of Brazil. When the Portuguese Government attempted the following year to return the Kingdom of Brazil to subordinate status, his son Pedro, with the overwhelming support of the Brazilian elites, declared Brazil's independence from Portugal. Cisplatina (today's sovereign state of Uruguay), in the south, was one of the last additions to the territory of Brazil under Portuguese rule." (James Maxwell Anderson (2000), p.129) This could explain the economic success of the surrounding Portuguese speaking countries of Latin America and the struggles of Spanish speaking countries, which would turn to Communism as a way to get out of destitution.
- Nationalism is often connect to Communism and sometimes Anti American due to America's history of sociol political and economic influences ( David Fernbach, "Introduction" to Karl Marx, The Revolutions of 1848. New York: Random House, 1973; pg. 23.)
- " After World War II, communism began to make significant advances among the intellectuals, some of whom saw it as the best means of modernization and also of gaining independence from the U.S. This was especially true of projects for agrarian reform to help improve the life of masses of poor and landless peasants. When the Cold War began, the combination of communism with the drive for reform was often seen by Washington as a threat of Soviet influence, which the United States aimed to keep out of its "backyard." Thus, the communist-supported government of Jacobo Arbenz Guzman (1913-1971) in Guatemala was overthrown with CIA support in 1954. Nonetheless, Fidel Castro (b. 1926) came to power in Cuba in January 1959, when the Eisenhower administration withdrew its support from the right-wing Cuban dictator, Fulgencio Batista. (1901-1973) Castro then proceeded to establish the first communist government in the area and this led to a drastic change of U.S. policy toward him. Similar developments took place twenty years later in Nicaragua, where the United States helped the Sandinistas come to power in 1979, but turned against them when they adopted policies seen as hostile to the U.S." (N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.)
- Beginning in 1967, the Cuban
General Intelligence Directorate, or DGI, had begun to establish ties
with various Nicaraguan revolutionary organizations. By 1970 the DGI had
managed to train hundreds of Sandinista guerrilla leaders and had vast
influence over the organization. After the successful ousting of Somoza,
DGI involvement in the new Sandinista government expanded rapidly. An
early indication of the central role that the DGI would play in the
Cuban-Nicaraguan relationship is a meeting in Havana
on July 27, 1979, at which diplomatic ties between the two countries
were re-established after more than 25 years. Julián López Díaz, a
prominent DGI agent, was named Ambassador to Nicaragua. Cuban military
and DGI advisors, initially brought in during the Sandinista insurgency,
would swell to over 2,500 and operated at all levels of the new
Nicaraguan government.
The Cubans would like to have helped more in the development of Nicaragua towards socialism. Following the US invasion of Grenada, countries previously looking for support from Cuba saw that the United States was likely to take violent action to discourage this.(
"Cuba." Google Books. N.p., n.d. Web. 24 Apr. 2014.)
Thursday, April 24, 2014
The conection of Rejection and shared heitage
In the book Red, White, Blue, by
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The history of how nations survive and thrive from destitution is very interesting to me. Every country is evolving from communism, socialism, democracy, or a combination for the federal government. Many countries are still suffering from colonialism and imperialism. Look at Africa, it is a symbol of what occurs when the world believes that no one is human except those who are white Europeans. Africa is the only country that is still colonized in South Africa. It is a country where the United States Military is in 49 of the 54 African Countries and the military performing on average 1 ½ military missions per day. Colonization and Imperialism has never truly ended. It has only been repackaged and renamed in modern terms. It angers me about how much America dapples in other countries’ backyards and existing as the occupying force. I do understand America is the big brother country to the world, but the American Economy is suffering. It appears we help other countries more than our own country.
ReplyDeleteI believe that there is no pure communism, socialism, or democracy existing today. When women are still paid only 77 cents to every dollar for the male counterpart employee, economic slavery is on a rise. In 1992, President Bill Clinton said, “If you are making $10.00 an hour, you are one paycheck away from poverty and homelessness.” I love how your post explains why people are rejecting their own heritage for false prosperity. I say this because how are you going to achieve true prosperity from rejecting yourself. You become imprison in your new found freedom. Look, the world accepts you now. You can check out the article, “Nigeria: Security Forces and Insecurity” at africafocus@igc.og, written on Monday, April 7, 2014